What Is a Thulium Laser Used For? A Complete Guide to Treatments & Benefits

Key Takeaways

• The Thulium 1927nm laser is designed for epidermal resurfacing in dermatology.
• Effective for pigmentation, sun spots, melasma (with caution), and actinic keratoses.
• Improves texture, tone, and early fine lines with minimal downtime.
• Favoured by dermatologists for its precision, safety, and predictable healing.
• Works well for patients seeking visible skin improvement without aggressive ablative treatments.

What Is a Thulium Laser and How Does It Work?

The Thulium 1927nm laser is a fractional non-ablative laser used in dermatology to target the upper layers of the skin with high precision. It delivers energy at a wavelength that is strongly absorbed by water in the epidermis, allowing controlled micro-channels to form in the skin without damaging surrounding tissue.

This selective absorption triggers a natural repair response that improves pigmentation, texture, tone, and early signs of photodamage. Because it works superficially and does not vaporise skin like ablative lasers, the Thulium 1927nm laser offers effective resurfacing with minimal downtime and a balanced safety profile.

Understanding the 1927nm Wavelength

The 1927 nm to 1940 nm wavelength range is central to Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL) technology. This wavelength is ideal for treating the epidermis, as it targets water molecules within skin cells, leading to uniform thermal absorption and controlled microdamage that stimulates regeneration. 

In dermatology, this selective action enables rejuvenation without ablation of deeper layers. In urology, a similar wavelength principle underlies holmium and YAG laser systems used in endoscopic resection and laser lithotripsy procedures. 

However, the thulium laser distinguishes itself by offering continuous-wave precision, making it particularly effective for both skin resurfacing and gentle bladder or urinary tissue applications where reduced retropulsion (stone movement during fragmentation) is critical.

How Thulium Laser Targets the Epidermis

Epidermal targeting is one of the defining advantages of the thulium laser. Its wavelength allows energy delivery primarily to the upper layers of the skin, promoting collagen stimulation and epidermal turnover without affecting the dermis. 

This makes it especially valuable for improving tone, texture, and pigmentation irregularities. The laser’s precise interaction with water molecules mimics the focused control seen in laser enucleation and resection procedures, where clinicians use endoscopic visualization to target tissue selectively. 

In both dermatology and urology, this accuracy ensures minimal thermal diffusion and excellent hemostasis, translating to faster healing and improved cosmetic or surgical outcomes.

Fractional vs Non-Fractional Thulium Technology

The fractional thulium laser creates microscopic columns of controlled thermal injury surrounded by intact tissue, a process known as microthermal zones. This stimulates rapid healing and collagen remodeling. In contrast, non-fractional (full-field) delivery treats larger continuous zones for smoother textural correction or uniform pigment clearance.

The choice between these modes mirrors distinctions found in surgical lasers such as holmium:YAG and thulium fiber laser lithotripsy, where controlled pulses versus continuous-wave energy define precision and thermal spread. 

Fractional systems are preferred for delicate rejuvenation, while non-fractional setups resemble endoscopic resection tools, efficient for treating larger areas in a single pass.

Why Thulium Laser Treats the Upper Skin Layers Without Ablation

A major strength of the thulium laser lies in its ability to treat superficial skin layers without significant ablation. The 1927 nm thulium laser interacts primarily with epidermal water, creating a sub-ablative thermal response that enhances rejuvenation while maintaining barrier integrity. This process triggers neocollagenesis and epidermal renewal with limited downtime.

The laser beam’s precision,, ensures targeted treatment whether addressing urinary stones, prostate tissue, or surface pigmentation. This shared efficiency makes thulium-based platforms among the most adaptable technologies in both endoscopic surgery and aesthetic dermatology.

What Is a Thulium Laser Used For?

The thulium laser is a versatile laser system that  effectively targets pigmentation, sun damage, and early ageing,.

Treating Pigmentation and Sun Damage

The thulium laser demonstrates excellent outcomes for treating sun-induced pigmentation, freckles, and age spots. Its precision lies in the delivery of energy via fine laser fibers, which target melanin within the epidermis without over-heating surrounding structures. 

The thulium ions emit energy absorbed predominantly by water, fragmenting pigmented cells and accelerating natural skin turnover. 

Reversing Early Signs of Skin Ageing

When addressing the early signs of ageing such as fine lines, dullness, and skin laxity, the thulium laser stimulates collagen and elastin remodeling beneath the surface. The photothermal energy from thulium ions heats the upper dermis, triggering a wound-healing cascade without surface ablation. 

Patients often experience visibly smoother, firmer skin after a few sessions.

Improving Overall Skin Tone and Brightness

Beyond spot treatment, thulium technology enhances overall skin luminosity and evenness. The superpulse thulium fiber laser, known for its refined beam uniformity and smaller fiber diameter, ensures accurate targeting of the upper epidermal layers. 

This selective energy delivery encourages gradual exfoliation and renewal, improving tone and clarity with minimal discomfort. 

The ability to adjust energy parameters allows surgeons to maintain excellent visibility and control, reducing collateral damage and improving procedural outcomes. Across cosmetic applications, this technology embodies precision-driven design that prioritizes safety and effectiveness.

When Thulium Is Recommended Over Other Lasers

When considering laser treatments, thulium lasers often come recommended for patients with specific concerns related to sun damage and early skin ageing.

Their ability to treat the upper skin layers safely makes them a suitable choice over more aggressive options, especially for those seeking a gentle yet effective solution.

• Thulium Laser: Targets pigmented lesions and sun damage effectively, reverses early signs of ageing, brightens skin tone, and offers minimal downtime.
• Other Laser Treatments: Provide varying effectiveness depending on technology, may require more sessions for ageing concerns, deliver less consistent tone improvement, and usually involve longer recovery times.

Thulium Laser for Pigmentation: Freckles, Sunspots, Melasma & Dullness

The thulium laser is an advanced solution for treating pigmentation issues such as freckles, sunspots, melasma, and general dullness. Its wavelength at 1927 nm enables shallow, precise energy delivery to the epidermis, where it gently removes unwanted pigment without damaging deeper layers. 

This same wavelength efficiency, also valued in lasers for the treatment of urinary tract conditions, illustrates its versatility across medical fields.

Epidermal Pigment Lift

The epidermal pigment lift process focuses on removing surface-level discoloration and restoring brightness. The thulium laser uses low pulse energies to lift melanin deposits and reduce irregular tone without creating open wounds or scabs. 

This controlled vaporization of pigment-rich tissue mimics the precision seen in holmium laser enucleation, where surgeons safely remove tissue with minimal collateral damage to surrounding tissues.

Melasma Management with Thulium 1927nm

Melasma is challenging to treat because it often involves both superficial and deeper pigment layers. The thulium 1927 nm wavelength selectively targets the upper epidermis, reducing pigment load without triggering inflammation that could worsen discoloration. 

Its low pulse energies make it a reliable alternative to conventional ablative lasers, offering gradual, safer results. This energy control parallels its important role in the treatment of urinary stones during endoscopic enucleation or holmium YAG-based interventions. 

Just as surgeons use a ureteroscope and working channel to deliver laser energy with precision, dermatologists harness the thulium system for accurate, superficial pigment reduction with minimal risk of post-inflammatory complications or signs of infection.

Brightening and Evening Out Complexion

Beyond treating specific pigmentation patches, the thulium laser also enhances overall skin clarity. Its controlled micro-channels increase cell turnover and encourage fresh, evenly toned skin to surface. At the same time, the laser’s energy subtly boosts collagen activity, improving texture and restoring a healthier glow.

Most patients notice smoother skin, a more even complexion, and renewed luminosity, all with limited downtime.

Why Thulium Is Preferred for Superficial Pigment vs Deep Pigment

The thulium laser is the preferred option for superficial pigmentation because it acts within the epidermis, avoiding unnecessary heat penetration into the dermis. Its design minimises collateral damage to surrounding tissues, making it especially suitable for conditions such as freckles and sunspots.

In contrast, deeper pigment correction or surgical procedures may rely on holmium YAG or endoscopic enucleation techniques, which deliver higher energy through a working channel to vaporise or dissect tissue. 

For surface treatments, however, thulium’s fine-tuned energy output, gentle vaporization, and predictability provide clear benefits, a safe, efficient alternative to conventional resurfacing lasers.

Thulium Laser for Texture and Pores

The thulium laser is an advanced technology for improving overall skin texture, minimizing large pores, and softening mild acne scars. Operating at a 1927 nm wavelength, it targets the superficial layers of the skin with precise, sub-ablative energy. This approach stimulates collagen production and cell turnover without damaging deeper tissue.

Reducing Large Pores

One of the defining benefits of thulium laser treatments is their effectiveness in shrinking visibly enlarged pores. The laser energy is absorbed by water within the upper skin layers, triggering controlled microthermal zones that encourage collagen remodeling and dermal tightening around the pores. 

As new collagen forms, the skin naturally contracts and refines, leading to a smoother surface. The thulium’s continuous wave emission ensures uniform energy delivery, unlike other lasers that rely on higher pulse intensities. 

Because of this, the procedure reduces surface irregularities without over-heating surrounding tissue. Over several weeks, as the skin regenerates, pore visibility diminishes, giving a more polished, refined look that lasts with consistent maintenance.

Smoothing Rough or Uneven Texture

The thulium laser plays a significant role in resurfacing rough or uneven skin texture by delivering controlled energy to the epidermis. The wavelength specifically targets micro-imperfections and stimulates fibroblast activity, resulting in smoother, softer skin over time. 

This process also enhances the absorption of topical skincare ingredients by removing damaged cells and improving epidermal turnover. Patients often describe an immediate improvement in skin smoothness after their first session, with continued benefits developing over several weeks. 

The laser’s precision allows practitioners to calibrate treatment intensity to match individual needs, from fine surface refinement to more visible texture correction. Unlike aggressive ablative systems, thulium lasers maintain the protective barrier of the skin, ensuring faster recovery and minimal risk of post-procedure irritation.

Mild Acne Scarring Improvement

For mild acne scarring, the thulium laser provides a gentle but effective non-invasive alternative to deeper resurfacing lasers. By creating microscopic zones of controlled injury, it initiates a neocollagenesis response, the process through which new collagen fibers replace older, damaged tissue. 

This gradual regeneration improves scar depth, reduces uneven texture, and enhances overall tone. Thulium’s limited penetration depth makes it ideal for treating superficial and shallow acne scars without risking pigmentation changes or prolonged downtime. 

Over multiple sessions, scars become less visible as skin structure becomes denser and more uniform. For patients with both textural concerns and discoloration, this laser can improve tone and scar texture simultaneously, achieving more balanced, radiant skin.

When Texture May Require Combination Treatment

While thulium laser treatments alone often yield significant improvement, some patients benefit from a combination therapy approach for more complex or deeper textural issues. This can include integrating the thulium laser with microneedling, chemical peels, or fractional RF to treat multiple layers of the skin at once.

For instance, combining microneedling with the thulium laser enhances dermal stimulation, promoting collagen at greater depths while the laser refines the surface. Chemical peels can further exfoliate dead cells, amplifying smoothness and brightness. Dermatologists typically recommend such multimodal regimens for individuals with both acne scars and uneven pigmentation, ensuring comprehensive rejuvenation.

This layered strategy allows for optimal texture refinement, minimized pore visibility, and long-term improvement in skin resilience, making it one of the most effective non-surgical pathways to achieve a polished, even complexion.

Thulium Laser for Actinic Keratosis and Pre-Cancerous Skin Changes

The thulium laser demonstrates remarkable efficacy in addressing actinic keratosis and pre-cancerous skin alterations. With its precise targeting of sun-induced lesions, this laser treatment not only removes harmful growths but also safeguards the surrounding healthy tissue. 

How Thulium Laser Treats Sun-Induced Lesions

When used for actinic keratosis, the thulium laser delivers finely controlled bursts of energy that specifically target sun-damaged keratinocytes within the upper epidermis. These abnormal cells absorb the laser’s thermal energy, leading to their vaporisation and removal while leaving the underlying healthy tissue intact. 

Because the wavelength interacts strongly with water, the main component of skin cells, the laser confines its action to the superficial layers where sun damage is most concentrated. The result is a selective ablation process that treats visible lesions and subclinical damage at once. 

Compared to traditional methods such as cryotherapy or topical chemotherapy (e.g., 5-fluorouracil), thulium laser treatment achieves faster healing and reduced post-procedure inflammation. In addition, its continuous wave energy delivery ensures uniform coverage across irregular surfaces, which is particularly beneficial when treating larger or unevenly affected sun-damaged zones.

Why It Is Effective for Field Cancerisation

Field cancerisation refers to an area of skin that has accumulated multiple, often invisible, precancerous changes due to chronic sun exposure. This field effect means that while only a few actinic keratoses may be visible, the surrounding skin is also at risk of developing new lesions.

The thulium laser offers a significant advantage in this context because it can safely treat the entire affected zone, not just isolated lesions. Its broad coverage removes clusters of abnormal keratinocytes while stimulating new, healthy skin regeneration throughout the treated field. This approach helps reduce recurrence rates and addresses underlying photoaging that contributes to lesion formation.

Moreover, thulium treatment is often combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) or topical retinoids for comprehensive field control, especially in patients with extensive sun damage. The result is a smoother, more even skin surface with a lower risk of future actinic lesions or non-melanoma skin cancer development.

Benefits for High-Risk Skin Types

Patients with fair, sun-sensitive, or previously damaged skin often face a higher risk of actinic keratosis and other precancerous changes. For these individuals, the thulium laser offers several advantages:

• Superficial, controlled energy delivery that limits thermal injury, making it suitable for delicate areas like the face, scalp, and neck.
• Lower downtime and discomfort compared with more aggressive procedures such as fractional CO₂ lasers or surgical excision.
• Reduced scarring risk, which is particularly important for older adults, patients on blood thinners, or those with slower wound-healing capacity.
• Comparable lesion-clearance rates to stronger resurfacing treatments, without the harsher recovery profile.
• Simultaneous cosmetic improvement, including brighter tone and smoother texture, as it also rejuvenates photoaged skin.
• Effective for field treatment, helping manage multiple lesions or extensive sun damage in a single session.
• Suitable for periodic maintenance, with sessions spaced months apart to repair ongoing photodamage and reduce future lesion formation.

GP/Consultant-Dermatologist Referral Considerations

Before proceeding with thulium laser treatment for actinic keratosis or other pre-cancerous skin changes, a medical evaluation is essential to ensure the treatment is appropriate and safe. A GP or consultant dermatologist assesses the skin thoroughly to rule out malignancy and confirm suitability for laser therapy.

Why a Medical Referral Is Important

• Ensures a clinical assessment using tools such as dermoscopy, biopsy, or imaging to determine if lesions are benign, pre-malignant, or invasive
• Confirms the treatment is performed in an appropriate medical setting with correct protocols for lesion management
• Helps identify whether alternative or combined therapies (e.g., topical chemotherapeutic creams, cryotherapy, or field-based laser treatments) may offer better long-term results

What a Dermatologist Helps With After Treatment

• Provides personalised advice on sun protection, skincare, and risk-reduction strategies
• Recommends suitable follow-up intervals to monitor for recurrence or new lesions
• Supports a multidisciplinary approach for high-risk patients to ensure early detection and long-term skin health

Thulium Laser for Anti-Ageing and Skin Rejuvenation

Thulium laser treatments are increasingly recognised as one of the most effective non-invasive solutions for anti-ageing and skin rejuvenation. Operating at a wavelength of 1927 nm, the laser targets water in the skin’s upper layers to stimulate collagen formation and cellular renewal. This process helps reverse early signs of ageing by improving firmness, tone, and surface texture. 

Stimulating Collagen for Fine Line Softening

Collagen stimulation is central to the thulium laser’s anti-ageing effect. The laser’s microthermal energy penetrates the epidermis and superficial dermis, activating fibroblasts to produce new collagen and elastin fibers. 

This biologic repair process gradually fills in fine lines and superficial wrinkles, leading to firmer, more youthful-looking skin. Over a series of sessions, patients observe a visible reduction in creases around the eyes, mouth, and forehead. 

The advantage of thulium technology lies in its precise depth control, it renews the skin’s structure without the downtime of fully ablative lasers. The result is subtle yet consistent rejuvenation, achieved through natural collagen rebuilding rather than surface-level exfoliation alone.

Restoring Radiance and Smoothness

One of the hallmark benefits of the thulium laser is its ability to restore natural radiance and refine skin texture. By gently resurfacing the uppermost layers, it removes dull, damaged cells and encourages faster epidermal turnover. 

This mild renewal process enhances luminosity, helping the skin better reflect light for a healthier, more polished glow. Patients often report an immediate improvement in smoothness and hydration after treatment. 

As the skin continues to regenerate in the following weeks, tone becomes more uniform, and overall clarity improves. This makes thulium laser rejuvenation an excellent choice for individuals seeking a refreshed complexion without the risks or downtime associated with deeper resurfacing procedures.

Combination Treatments for Enhanced Rejuvenation

For individuals pursuing comprehensive rejuvenation, combination treatments incorporating the thulium laser can produce exceptional results. Pairing it with complementary modalities such as microneedling, RF energy, or chemical peels can address multiple layers of the skin simultaneously.

For instance, combining the thulium laser with RF microneedling enhances dermal tightening and collagen production, while integrating chemical exfoliation can further improve surface texture and pigmentation balance. These customised treatment plans are tailored to each patient’s age, skin condition, and rejuvenation goals, providing more complete and enduring results.

Such hybrid approaches are particularly effective for concerns like sun damage, early fine lines, or mild textural laxity, where both surface irregularities and deeper collagen depletion coexist. By addressing these layers synergistically, combination therapy maximises rejuvenation outcomes and prolongs visible improvements.

Patients should always consult their dermatologist or laser specialist before undergoing combined treatments to ensure safety, proper sequencing, and suitability for their skin type.

Best Age Range for Maximum Benefit

The ideal age range for thulium laser treatments generally falls between the 30s and 50s, when collagen decline and early skin laxity become more noticeable. Treating during this window helps preserve firmness, smooth texture, and prevent deeper wrinkles from forming.

To illustrate how treatment goals vary by age, here’s a quick overview of common skin concerns and suitable options:

• 30s: Fine lines and early ageing become more noticeable and can be addressed with Thulium Laser and a targeted skincare regimen.
• 40s: Loss of radiance and decreased elasticity are common, making Thulium Laser and combination treatments effective options.
• 50s: Deepening fine lines and textural changes often appear and respond well to Thulium Laser alongside more advanced anti-ageing solutions.

Who Is a Good Candidate for Thulium Laser Treatment?

Determining candidate suitability for thulium laser treatment involves careful consideration of individual skin types and specific concerns. While this treatment is generally safe for many patients, certain conditions may warrant caution. 

Suitable Skin Types and Concerns

The thulium laser is well-suited for patients seeking gentle yet effective resurfacing. It works within the superficial epidermal layers, making it ideal for the following:

Best-Suited Skin Types

• Individuals with lighter to medium skin tones (Fitzpatrick I–III).
• Patients with lower baseline melanin levels, which reduces the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
• Those who benefit from the safety of thulium laser due to its shallow penetration and controlled thermal profile.

Ideal Skin Concerns

• Uneven skin tone or general pigmentation imbalance.
• Sun-induced damage or early signs of ageing.
• Fine lines and mild textural roughness.
• Dullness or loss of radiance, where increased cell turnover improves glow.
• Mild acne scarring that responds well to superficial resurfacing.

These patients typically experience consistent brightening, smoother texture, and noticeable rejuvenation with minimal downtime.

When Thulium Laser May Not Be Recommended

Although the thulium laser is generally safe when performed by trained professionals, certain situations require postponing or avoiding treatment.

Patients should avoid or delay Thulium laser if they have:

• Active bacterial, viral, or fungal skin infections.
• Severe acne breakouts or inflamed cystic acne.
• Eczema, psoriasis, or dermatitis flare-ups.
• Autoimmune skin disorders (e.g., lupus, scleroderma) without medical clearance.
• Recent or current use of photosensitising medications (e.g., isotretinoin, some antibiotics, certain hormonal therapies).
• A compromised or unstable skin barrier due to recent sunburn, irritation, or over-exfoliation.

In these cases, dermatologists may recommend alternative treatments or delay the session until the skin has stabilised to ensure safe and predictable results.

Considerations for Darker Skin Types

For patients with darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick Types IV–VI), special consideration is crucial. Higher melanin concentration increases susceptibility to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) or temporary darkening following laser exposure. While the thulium laser’s wavelength is less aggressive than deeper resurfacing technologies like CO₂, extra caution and pre-treatment preparation are essential.

A qualified dermatologist may adjust treatment parameters, such as lowering energy settings, spacing sessions further apart, or combining the laser with melanin-stabilising skincare agents (like niacinamide or hydroquinone), to reduce risks. Post-treatment care, including broad-spectrum sunscreen use and barrier repair serums, plays a vital role in maintaining even tone and preventing pigment rebound.

In properly controlled conditions, even patients with melanin-rich skin can achieve significant benefits, though outcomes depend on individual pigment stability and pre-laser preparation.

When a Patch Test Is Required Before Treatment

A patch test is strongly recommended before a full-face thulium laser session, especially for patients with sensitive, reactive, or darker skin types. This small test area, usually performed behind the ear or along the jawline, helps evaluate how your skin reacts to laser energy and confirms whether any redness, swelling, or pigmentation changes occur during healing.

Patch testing provides valuable insights into your skin’s tolerance level, allowing the practitioner to adjust fluence and pulse duration for safer results. It also offers reassurance to the patient that the upcoming procedure will be well-tolerated. 

Dermatologists often use patch testing as part of standard pre-laser protocols for new patients, those with a history of pigmentation issues, or anyone with previous reactions to chemical or laser-based treatments.

By performing this essential step, both patient and clinician can proceed confidently, knowing the treatment is appropriately calibrated for individual skin needs.

Thulium Laser vs Other Laser Treatments

When comparing thulium and Fraxel Dual lasers, it’s essential to understand how each technology targets the skin at different depths to achieve unique rejuvenation results. While both are effective for improving pigmentation, texture, and sun damage, their treatment intensity, recovery, and ideal use cases vary.

Thulium 1927 nm Laser

The thulium 1927 nm laser focuses on gentle, surface-level rejuvenation and is designed for patients seeking visible skin improvement with minimal downtime.

• Operates using a single 1927 nm wavelength.
• Targets the superficial epidermal layer for mild resurfacing.
• Ideal for treating pigmentation, uneven tone, and early sun damage.
• Produces minimal redness and peeling, allowing quick recovery.
• Safe for frequent maintenance sessions and ongoing skin rejuvenation.
• Recommended for first-time laser users or those preferring subtle, low-risk treatments.

Fraxel Dual Laser

The Fraxel Dual system offers a more intensive treatment that reaches deeper layers of the skin to address advanced ageing and textural concerns.

• Combines two wavelengths 1550 nm (deep dermal collagen remodeling) and 1927 nm (surface rejuvenation).
• Treats both superficial and deep skin layers for comprehensive correction.
• Effective for wrinkles, acne scars, and significant sun damage.
• Involves more downtime, with redness and peeling lasting several days.
• Usually requires fewer sessions but delivers stronger, longer-lasting results.
• Best suited for patients seeking aggressive resurfacing and visible rejuvenation.

Thulium vs Pico Laser for Pigmentation

Although both the thulium and pico lasers are effective for pigmentation correction, they work through different energy delivery mechanisms and target pigment at distinct depths. Understanding how each laser interacts with the skin helps determine which is best suited for specific pigment types and treatment goals.

Thulium 1927 nm Laser

The thulium laser offers a gentle resurfacing approach ideal for surface-level pigment and overall tone refinement.

• Operates in the microsecond range, absorbed mainly by water in the epidermis.
• Best for superficial pigment, such as freckles, sunspots, and mild uneven tone.
• Produces a photo-thermal effect, gently lifting pigment while stimulating collagen.
• Improves skin texture, fine lines, and radiance alongside pigment correction.
• Suitable for sensitive skin types or patients seeking mild exfoliation.
• Involves minimal downtime and provides a refreshed, luminous appearance.

Pico Laser

The pico laser is designed for deep pigment fragmentation and tattoo removal through ultra-short pulse energy.

• Uses picosecond pulse durations (trillionths of a second) to shatter pigment mechanically.
• Employs a photo-acoustic effect rather than heat for pigment disruption.
• Effective for deep dermal pigment, melasma, PIH, and multicoloured tattoos.
• Can reach pigment deeper within the skin without damaging the surface.
• Often preferred for stubborn or complex pigmentation issues.
• May require fewer sessions, but involves slightly more downtime or sensitivity.

Thulium vs CO₂/Erbium Resurfacing

When comparing thulium lasers to CO₂ and erbium systems, the key difference lies in how aggressively each device resurfaces the skin. CO₂ and erbium lasers remove visible layers for dramatic renewal, while thulium works gently beneath the surface for subtle, low-downtime rejuvenation.

Thulium 1927 nm Laser

The thulium laser provides a non-ablative or sub-ablative approach, focusing on controlled rejuvenation with minimal recovery time.

• Delivers energy absorbed by water in the upper skin layers without full ablation.
• Creates microthermal zones that stimulate natural collagen and epidermal renewal.
• Ideal for mild to moderate photodamage, fine lines, and uneven tone.
• Promotes surface smoothness and radiance without significant peeling or crusting.
• Recovery usually involves only a few days of redness or dryness.
• Best suited for maintenance treatments between stronger resurfacing sessions.

CO₂ and Erbium Lasers

CO₂ and erbium lasers represent the most intensive resurfacing options, capable of transforming severely aged or scarred skin.

• Use ablative technology to vaporise portions of the skin for deep regeneration.
• Target full-thickness skin layers, triggering collagen remodeling and new tissue growth.
• Highly effective for deep wrinkles, acne scars, and significant sun damage.
• Deliver dramatic results, often visible after a single treatment.
• Require 1–2 weeks or more of downtime, with redness and swelling that can last for months.
• Recommended for patients with advanced ageing concerns seeking substantial correction.

When Thulium Laser Is the Better First Step

For those new to laser treatments or seeking a gentle introduction, the thulium laser is often the most practical starting point. Its mild resurfacing action makes it perfect for fine lines, dullness, and early pigmentation without the intensity or downtime of ablative lasers.

Choosing thulium as a first-line rejuvenation therapy allows patients to experience visible improvement safely while maintaining daily routines. It also acts as a foundation treatment, preparing the skin for future procedures like Fraxel Dual, pico laser, or erbium resurfacing if deeper correction is later desired.

Ultimately, the thulium laser bridges the gap between light, non-invasive skincare and intensive resurfacing methods, offering a balanced path to smoother, brighter, and more youthful-looking skin.

What to Expect During a Thulium Laser Session

A thulium laser session is a precise, minimally invasive procedure designed to improve skin tone, texture, and overall appearance. Each stage, from consultation to post-treatment recovery, is planned to ensure both safety and comfort. 

Preparation and Consultation

Before your session, you’ll meet with your practitioner for a detailed consultation. During this stage, your skin type, tone, and medical history will be carefully reviewed to confirm you’re a suitable candidate. The practitioner will also discuss your goals, whether you’re addressing pigmentation, fine lines, or textural concerns and determine appropriate laser settings.

Preparation guidelines typically include:

• Avoiding direct sun exposure for at least a week before treatment. 
• Pausing retinoids, exfoliating acids, and photosensitising medications (like doxycycline) to prevent sensitivity. 
• Stopping chemical peels or microdermabrasion for 1–2 weeks prior. 
• Ensuring the skin is clean, hydrated, and free of active breakouts or irritation. 

For patients prone to cold sores or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, the clinician may prescribe prophylactic medications or pigment-stabilising creams. These steps help ensure a smoother experience and more predictable recovery.

Step-by-Step Procedure

Before your thulium thulium laser treatment begins, the practitioner will carefully prepare your skin to ensure optimal comfort, safety, and effectiveness. The following steps outline the typical process from start to finish.

Step 1: Cleansing the Skin
The treatment starts with a thorough cleanse to remove any oils, sunscreen, makeup, or residue from the skin. This allows the laser energy to penetrate evenly and ensures consistent results.

Step 2: Application of Topical Anaesthetic
A topical numbing cream is applied to minimise any discomfort during the session. It’s generally left on for 20–30 minutes to take full effect before treatment begins.

Step 3: Laser Application
Once the area is numbed, the practitioner gently glides the thulium laser handpiece across the skin in even passes. The 1927 nm wavelength specifically targets water within the epidermis to stimulate collagen and accelerate cell renewal.

Step 4: Fractional Delivery and Precision Targeting
The thulium laser operates using a fractional delivery system, creating microscopic treatment zones while leaving surrounding tissue untouched. This design promotes rapid healing and minimal downtime.

Step 5: Treatment Duration
Each thulium laser session typically lasts between 20 and 60 minutes, depending on the size and number of areas being treated. Smaller regions such as the forehead or cheeks can be completed relatively quickly, while full-face or neck treatments generally require closer to an hour to ensure even coverage and optimal results.

Step 6: Cooling and Comfort Measures
Throughout the procedure, cooling air devices are used to soothe the skin and reduce warmth or tingling sensations, ensuring a more comfortable experience overall.

Comfort, Pain Level, and Duration

The discomfort level of thulium laser treatment is usually mild. Patients often describe the sensation as a light tingling, prickling, or snapping feeling, comparable to a small rubber band flicking the skin. 

Because the laser targets only the upper layers, it avoids deep heat buildup, making it far gentler than ablative lasers like CO₂ or Er:YAG. To enhance comfort, clinicians frequently use cooling air or chilled gels during the procedure. For more sensitive individuals, a topical anaesthetic ensures the experience remains tolerable. 

Once the session is complete, mild redness and warmth are common for a few hours, often fading within 24–48 hours. Most patients resume normal activities immediately, with only light flaking or dryness appearing later as new skin cells emerge.

Average Time in Clinic Including Recovery Checks

From arrival to completion, expect to spend around 60 to 90 minutes in the clinic. This includes preparation, treatment, and a brief recovery period. After the laser session, your practitioner will assess your skin for any immediate reactions, apply a soothing serum or recovery mask, and provide aftercare guidance.

You may be advised to:

• Avoid heat exposure (e.g., hot showers, saunas, or workouts) for 24 hours. 
• Use a gentle cleanser and hydrating cream to protect the healing barrier. 
• Apply a broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily to prevent pigmentation rebound. 

Some clinics also schedule a quick follow-up check within 7–10 days to monitor healing progress and discuss results. Within the first week, you’ll notice fresher, smoother, and more radiant skin as the laser-stimulated renewal process continues beneath the surface.

Results and Recovery After Thulium Laser Treatment

Recovery from a thulium laser session is typically brief, with mild redness or swelling that fades within a day or two. Most patients see visible improvement in skin tone and texture within a few days, with full results developing over several weeks as collagen renews.

Expected Downtime and Side Effects

Downtime after a thulium laser session is typically mild and short-lived. Most patients experience redness, warmth, and slight swelling immediately after treatment, resembling a light sunburn. These effects usually subside within 24 to 48 hours.

You may also notice dryness, flaking, or mild roughness over the next few days as the skin naturally exfoliates and renews. This is a normal response and a sign that new, healthy skin cells are emerging. Temporary darkening of pigmentation spots (micro-crusting) may also occur before they fade away, revealing clearer, more even-toned skin.

Severe side effects are rare but can include prolonged redness, blistering, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), particularly in darker skin types. Following all post-care instructions significantly reduces these risks.

Healing Timeline

Healing from a thulium laser treatment generally follows a predictable timeline:

• Day 1–2: Mild redness, tightness, and slight heat sensation similar to a sunburn. 
• Day 3–5: Light peeling or flaking may appear as the outer layer exfoliates. Continue using gentle cleansers and hydrating creams. 
• Day 5–7: Visible brightness and smoother texture begin to appear. Most redness resolves by this stage. 
• Week 2–4: Collagen remodeling continues below the surface. Skin looks clearer, more refined, and evenly toned. 
• 1–3 months: Ongoing collagen production enhances firmness, elasticity, and radiance. 

Individual healing varies based on laser strength, skin type, and pre-treatment condition, but the majority of patients resume daily routines within a day or two.

How Long Results Last

Results from thulium laser rejuvenation are both immediate and cumulative. A visible glow and smoother texture typically appear within the first week, with deeper collagen improvements developing over the following 8 to 12 weeks.

Most patients enjoy results that last 6 to 12 months, depending on their age, skin type, and maintenance routine. Regular use of broad-spectrum sunscreen, hydrating serums, and antioxidant skincare helps preserve the benefits. Many patients also choose to repeat sessions periodically to sustain collagen stimulation and overall brightness.

When to Resume Makeup, Exercise, and Sun Exposure

Makeup can usually be applied 24 hours after treatment, once any redness or sensitivity has subsided. Always use clean, mineral-based products to avoid irritation.

Light exercise, such as walking or yoga, can resume after one day, but intense workouts, saunas, and hot showers should be avoided for 48 hours to prevent excess heat and inflammation.

Sun exposure should be strictly limited for at least one week post-treatment. Use a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher every day, and reapply regularly when outdoors. Protective measures like wide-brimmed hats and shade-seeking are strongly recommended during the healing phase.

When Repeat Sessions Are Recommended

For most patients, a single thulium laser session produces noticeable improvement, but a series of 2 to 4 treatments spaced 4 to 6 weeks apart delivers optimal long-term rejuvenation. Maintenance sessions every 6 to 12 months help preserve collagen activity and maintain tone and clarity.

Your practitioner may recommend a customised schedule based on your skin’s condition and treatment goals, for example, more frequent sessions for pigmentation or texture refinement, and less frequent ones for anti-ageing maintenance.

Before You Go…

If you’re planning to undergo a thulium laser treatment, make sure it’s performed by a qualified medical professional who understands both its dermatological and surgical applications. 

When used correctly, this laser can safely rejuvenate skin, improve tone and texture, and even assist in urological procedures with remarkable precision. 

Consulting an expert, like the dermatologists at the Institute of Medical Physics, ensures that your treatment plan is tailored to your specific skin type, condition, and goals, delivering results that are both effective and lasting.

About the Institute of Medical Physics

The Institute of Medical Physics (IMP) is a recognised leader in advanced aesthetic and medical laser treatments, combining scientific precision with clinical experience. The institute’s expertise spans multiple technologies, including Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL), Holmium:YAG, Pico, and CO₂ systems, used in both dermatology and urology.

IMP’s approach is grounded in evidence-based practice, focusing on patient safety, efficacy, and long-term results. Each treatment, whether targeting pigmentation, photoageing, texture refinement, or laser enucleation procedures, is performed under strict medical protocols to ensure consistency and comfort. 

To explore whether this treatment is suitable for your needs, you can book an appointment with IMP for a personalised consultation.