Complete Guide to CO2 Laser Resurfacing
Complete Guide to CO2 Laser Resurfacing
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CO2 laser resurfacing is a skin rejuvenation treatment that refreshes your skin without surgery. It works by using a focused beam of light to gently remove damaged surface cells and trigger your body’s natural healing process. As your skin repairs itself, new and healthier skin forms, leading to a smoother, firmer, and more even complexion over time.
Unlike regular facials or chemical peels that treat only the surface, CO2 laser resurfacing reaches deeper layers of the skin. This helps boost collagen production and improve elasticity, both of which are essential for maintaining a youthful and resilient look.
This guide explains how CO2 laser resurfacing works, who it’s suitable for, what to expect before and after treatment, potential risks, and what other options you can consider if this treatment isn’t the right fit for you.
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Key Takeaways
- CO2 laser resurfacing effectively rejuvenates the skin by removing damaged layers.
- The treatment boosts natural collagen production, leading to firmer and more resilient skin.
- Available as ablative or fractional, depending on your needs and tolerance for downtime.
- Ideal for treating wrinkles, acne scars, and uneven pigmentation caused by ageing or sun exposure.
- Recovery typically involves redness and peeling for one to two weeks, followed by visible rejuvenation.
- Safer, newer systems have made the procedure suitable for a wider range of skin types.
- Gentler alternatives, such as erbium laser or microneedling, can be considered for sensitive or darker skin.
What Is CO2 Laser Resurfacing and How Does It Work?
CO2 laser resurfacing is a modern cosmetic procedure that uses focused beams of light to target and remove damaged skin. The treatment gently vaporises thin layers of tissue, encouraging your body to replace them with smoother, healthier skin. It’s commonly chosen for visible signs of ageing such as fine lines, wrinkles, sun damage, uneven tone, and scarring.
The Science Behind Fractional CO2 Laser Technology
Modern fractional CO2 lasers represent a major step forward in resurfacing technology. Unlike traditional lasers that treat the entire skin surface, fractional lasers deliver energy in a grid-like pattern, creating thousands of microscopic treatment columns called microthermal zones (MTZs).
Each MTZ removes tiny sections of damaged skin and leaves the surrounding tissue untouched. This untouched skin helps speed up healing and reduces the risk of post-treatment complications. Here’s how it helps your skin repair itself:
- The laser creates controlled, microscopic injuries in the dermis.
- These tiny zones stimulate fibroblast cells to produce new collagen and elastin.
- As healing progresses, the new tissue blends seamlessly with surrounding skin, improving tone and texture.
Because the energy is divided into precise micro-columns, fractional CO2 treatments offer an ideal balance, the dramatic results of deep resurfacing with the safety and recovery profile of a lighter procedure.
Types of CO2 Laser Treatments (Ablative vs Fractional)
CO2 lasers are typically divided into two categories, ablative and fractional, and understanding how they differ helps you choose what’s right for your skin.
Ablative CO2 laser resurfacing removes the entire outer layer of skin (the epidermis).
- It’s best for deeper wrinkles, pronounced sun damage, and acne scars.
- The results are often dramatic, but recovery can take 10–14 days as new skin regenerates.
- Redness and peeling are normal, and post-care is crucial for healthy healing.
Fractional CO2 laser resurfacing treats only small, evenly spaced zones of skin.
- Tiny “micro-columns” of tissue are removed while surrounding areas remain intact.
- Because of this, healing occurs faster, typically within 5–7 days.
- The results are more gradual, but with multiple sessions, the outcome can match or even exceed that of traditional full-field resurfacing.
Clinics can now also combine both approaches for example, using ablative power in targeted zones (like deep wrinkles) and fractional settings on larger areas (like cheeks or forehead). This hybrid technique balances recovery time with visible improvement.
- Ablative CO2 Laser: Delivers treatment at a deep skin level, requiring around 10–14 days of downtime. Best suited for deep wrinkles, scars, and severe sun damage, with most patients needing it once every 12–18 months.
- Fractional CO2 Laser: Targets the medium layers of the skin, involving about 5–7 days of recovery. Ideal for addressing fine lines, uneven texture, and mild pigmentation, typically performed in 2–4 sessions spaced 4–6 weeks apart.
Understanding these options helps align your treatment with your goals, whether that’s an aggressive one-time correction or a series of lighter, buildable improvements.
How CO2 Laser Resurfacing Stimulates Skin Regeneration
The results from CO2 laser resurfacing come from how the body responds to controlled injury. When the laser energy penetrates the skin, it creates micro-wounds within the dermis.
These microscopic injuries don’t harm the entire surface but are deep enough to activate your skin’s self-repair cycle. As the skin heals, several key changes occur:
- Collagen fibers contract and tighten immediately after treatment, giving an early smoothing effect.
- New collagen and elastin start forming over the next several weeks, strengthening the skin’s structure.
- Fresh skin cells gradually replace damaged tissue, revealing a clearer and more even surface.
This entire process, from removal to regeneration, can take three to six months to complete, which is why results continue improving long after the initial recovery.
Many patients report that their skin feels tighter within days, while deeper textural refinement appears gradually. The overall effect is a rejuvenated, firmer complexion with fewer lines, smaller pores, and a more even tone.
Benefits of CO2 Laser Resurfacing for Skin Rejuvenation
CO2 laser resurfacing presents an array of benefits for skin rejuvenation, making it a sought-after procedure for individuals looking to enhance their skin's appearance.
This treatment is renowned for its ability to reduce wrinkles, fine lines, and scars while promoting collagen production. In the 2012 study of fractional CO2 resurfacing, 83% of patients reported moderate or better improvement, and improvements of 50–75% at 3 months (25–50% long-term) have been documented.
Reducing Wrinkles, Fine Lines, and Scars
The CO2 laser helps smooth away wrinkles and soften lines by gently removing old skin and stimulating new collagen growth. It’s especially effective around the eyes, mouth, and forehead, areas that tend to show early signs of ageing.
Acne scars also respond well to CO2 laser resurfacing. The laser energy breaks down uneven scar tissue and encourages healthy new skin to form in its place. Over time, the surface becomes smoother and more uniform, giving the skin a naturally refreshed look.
Improving Skin Tone, Texture, and Elasticity
Beyond wrinkle reduction, CO2 laser resurfacing can significantly enhance the skin’s texture, tone, and elasticity. The treatment gently removes dull surface layers while stimulating collagen production in the deeper dermis.
In a 2013 study (Lasers in Surgery and Medicine) of 25 women undergoing three fractional CO2 treatments, wrinkle depth on the cheeks was reduced by 58.3% and melanin distribution improved by about 21–24%.
This natural remodeling process explains how does CO2 laser tightens skin over time, the controlled heat contracts existing collagen fibers as new ones form, gradually restoring firmness and smoothness. Following recovery, the skin feels more resilient, looks brighter, and maintains a balanced, healthy tone.
Long-Term Skin Health and Collagen Renewal
The benefits of CO2 laser resurfacing don’t stop once the skin heals. Collagen production continues for months after treatment, helping the skin stay firm and resilient over time.
With good skincare and sun protection, these improvements can last for years. Regular maintenance treatments or milder follow-up lasers can also help preserve the results and keep your skin looking youthful for longer.
Visible Transformation: What Results to Expect After One Session
Most patients notice early improvements once redness and peeling subside, usually within a week or two. Skin appears smoother, brighter, and more even in tone.
The deeper benefits, like firmer texture and softened lines, develop gradually as collagen continues to rebuild. Full results often appear around three to six months after treatment, giving the skin a natural, healthy glow that lasts.
Who Is a Good Candidate for CO2 Laser Resurfacing?
Identifying ideal candidates for CO2 laser resurfacing involves considering various factors including skin types and existing skin conditions for laser treatment.
Understanding these elements can help ensure optimal results while minimising risks. Ideal candidates should be in overall good health and free from active skin infections.
Skin Types and Conditions That Respond Best
People with fair to medium skin tones (Fitzpatrick types I–III) tend to see the most predictable and consistent results. These skin types respond well to the CO2 laser’s wavelength, allowing for deep rejuvenation with a low risk of pigmentation changes. The treatment is particularly beneficial for:
- Wrinkles and fine lines around the eyes, mouth, and forehead.
- Acne scars and uneven texture.
- Sun damage and age spots.
- Loose or rough skin that has lost firmness with age.
Patients often notice that their skin feels tighter, smoother, and more even after healing, with continued improvement over the following months as collagen builds naturally.
When to Avoid CO2 Laser Treatments
While CO2 laser resurfacing is versatile, there are certain cases where it’s best avoided or delayed. The treatment may not be suitable if you:
- Have very dark skin tones (Fitzpatrick IV–VI), due to a higher risk of hyperpigmentation.
- Are pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Have an active skin infection, eczema, or severe acne.
- Have a history of keloid or hypertrophic scarring.
- Have recently used isotretinoin (Accutane) or undergone strong chemical peels.
Your provider will always assess your skin type, medical history, and lifestyle factors before recommending treatment. In some cases, a gentler fractional setting or an alternative laser, such as erbium or thulium, may be a safer option.
For example, when considering whether people with darker skin can get CO2 laser, modern fractional devices and adjusted energy levels often make treatment possible, provided it’s performed by an experienced practitioner who understands how to minimise post-inflammatory pigmentation risks.
What to Expect During a CO2 Laser Resurfacing Procedure
Knowing what to expect before, during, and after your CO2 laser session can make the experience far more comfortable and predictable. Preparation and communication with your practitioner are key, following their guidance helps ensure smooth healing and long-lasting results.
Pre-Treatment Preparation and Consultation
Your treatment journey begins with a detailed consultation. During this session, your practitioner will assess your skin type, review your medical history, and discuss the specific issues you’d like to address, whether wrinkles, scars, or pigmentation.
To prepare your skin safely and reduce the risk of irritation, most clinics recommend the following before your session:
- Avoid direct sun exposure for at least two weeks prior to treatment.
- Pause exfoliants and retinoids a few days before your appointment.
- Stop certain medications such as NSAIDs or blood thinners if advised by your doctor.
- Disclose any allergies or skin conditions to your practitioner.
Some patients may also be prescribed antiviral medication if they are prone to cold sores, as laser heat can sometimes trigger flare-ups. Proper pre-treatment care helps your skin respond better and heal faster.
Step-by-Step Breakdown of the Procedure
The actual CO2 laser resurfacing procedure can take anywhere from 30 minutes to two hours, depending on the size and depth of the area being treated.
Your practitioner will guide you through each stage so you know exactly what’s happening. Here’s what a typical session involves:
Step 1. Cleansing: The skin is thoroughly cleaned to remove oil, sunscreen, or impurities.
Step 2. Anaesthesia: A topical numbing cream, local anaesthesia, or, for larger areas, mild sedation is applied to ensure comfort.
Step 3. Laser Treatment: The CO2 laser is directed at the targeted area, delivering short bursts of energy that gently remove damaged tissue layer by layer.
Step 4. Cooling and Protection: After the laser passes, the skin is cooled and sometimes coated with a soothing ointment or occlusive dressing to protect the area.
Most patients describe the feeling as a mild stinging or warmth rather than pain, thanks to numbing measures and cooling systems built into modern laser devices.
Anaesthesia and Comfort Measures During the Procedure
Your practitioner will tailor anaesthesia based on your treatment plan and comfort level. If you’re wondering how much a CO2 laser hurts, the answer depends largely on the depth and area being treated.
- Topical numbing creams are sufficient for smaller or superficial areas.
- Local anaesthesia or mild sedation may be recommended for deeper or full-face treatments.
Some clinics also use built-in cooling technology or chilled air during the procedure to further reduce discomfort. The goal is to keep you as relaxed and comfortable as possible while achieving precise, effective results.
Post-Treatment Sensations and Recovery Stages
Immediately after your CO2 laser treatment, your skin may feel warm and tight, similar to a moderate sunburn.
Mild swelling and redness are completely normal and typically peak within the first 48 hours. During the healing process, you might notice:
- Redness and swelling that gradually fades over several days.
- Tightness or mild discomfort as new skin forms.
- Peeling or flaking between days 4–7, revealing smoother skin underneath.
Recovery varies by depth and intensity of treatment, but most people see early healing within a week and complete recovery in 10–14 days.
CO2 Laser Resurfacing Recovery Time and Aftercare Tips
After undergoing CO2 laser resurfacing, your skin will enter a recovery phase that typically lasts between 5 to 14 days.
During this time, you may experience redness, peeling, and sensitivity as your skin begins to heal. Adhering to proper aftercare is essential to optimise CO2 laser recovery and ensure satisfying results.
Managing Redness, Peeling, and Healing
Mild redness, peeling, and sensitivity are expected as your skin renews itself. To soothe discomfort and protect healing tissue:
- Apply cold compresses for 5–10 minutes at a time to reduce heat and swelling.
- Keep your skin moisturised using gentle, fragrance-free products such as petrolatum or ceramide-rich creams.
- Avoid scrubbing or picking at flaking skin, let it shed naturally.
Within one to two weeks, redness will fade into a healthy pink tone as new skin strengthens. Using a soft, clean cloth and lukewarm water for cleansing helps prevent irritation.
Skincare Products and Sun Protection After Treatment
Your post-laser skincare routine should focus on hydration and protection.
- Use non-irritating, barrier-repair moisturisers to lock in hydration.
- Cleanse gently, avoid acids, exfoliants, and active ingredients until cleared by your practitioner.
- Apply a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher every morning, even indoors.
Sun protection is non-negotiable after CO2 laser resurfacing. The skin is highly sensitive to UV rays during this phase, and unprotected exposure can lead to hyperpigmentation or delayed healing.
When Can You Resume Makeup and Outdoor Activities?
Most people can return to light makeup and daily activities after about 7–10 days, once the surface has healed and peeling has subsided. However:
- Wait until your practitioner confirms that the skin barrier is fully restored before using foundation or concealer.
- Avoid strenuous workouts, saunas, or direct sunlight for at least two weeks post-treatment.
If your work involves outdoor exposure, consider wearing a wide-brimmed hat and physical sunscreen for extra protection. Following these aftercare steps ensures smoother healing, minimal complications, and a beautiful, even-toned result.
CO2 Laser Resurfacing Results and Before-and-After Expectations
Understanding the expected CO2 laser results can help manage your expectations and highlight the effectiveness of this treatment. Many patients notice improvements in their skin almost immediately following the procedure.
Clinical outcomes show how well a CO2 laser works to improve uneven texture, fine lines, and pigmentation by stimulating deep collagen renewal. The visible results continue to develop over the following months as your skin produces new collagen.
Timeline for Visible Results
Visible improvements typically begin to manifest a few days post-treatment, with significant enhancement visible within two weeks. Continued healing transforms skin texture over time, so the best results often unfold over a period of three to six months.
The longevity of CO2 laser results can vary depending on factors such as skin type, age, and lifestyle habits, with many patients enjoying benefits for one to three years.
Before-and-after photos from prior patients often illustrate this gradual yet impressive change, emphasising the positive outcomes achievable through careful treatment. Your recovery and visible results will unfold in stages:
- Within 1–2 weeks: Redness fades, flaking subsides, and new skin appears brighter and smoother.
- By 1 month: Texture continues to refine, and the tone looks more balanced.
- At 3–6 months: Collagen remodeling reaches its peak, tightening and improving firmness.
On average, CO2 laser results can last one to three years, depending on your skin type, age, and lifestyle habits. Consistent sun protection, a balanced skincare routine, and maintenance treatments help extend these results.
Before-and-after photos often show that the most dramatic improvements develop gradually, proof that your skin keeps renewing long after the initial recovery phase.
How Many Sessions Are Typically Needed
The number of CO2 laser sessions required largely depends on the severity of your skin concerns. It is proved in acne-scar treatment studies, improvements of up to 68.7% have been noted with fractional CO2 laser after multiple sessions.
For optimal CO2 laser results, you may consider 2 to 4 sessions, particularly when addressing deeper scars, wrinkles, or extensive skin damage.
Engaging in a comprehensive treatment plan can lead to the significant improvements you seek, as illustrated in various before-and-after photos that showcase remarkable transformations.
Consulting with your practitioner will provide tailored advice on how many sessions will be most effective for your individual needs.
The number of sessions depends on your skin goals and the severity of your concerns.
- For fine lines or mild texture issues: One session may be enough.
- For deeper wrinkles, scars, or significant sun damage: A series of 2–4 sessions spaced a few months apart usually delivers optimal results.
Your practitioner will design a plan based on your individual needs, adjusting the laser intensity and intervals between sessions. This personalised approach ensures consistent, natural-looking improvement without overwhelming the skin.
CO2 Laser Resurfacing Cost and Factors That Affect Pricing
The cost of CO2 laser resurfacing varies depending on the treatment area, clinic location, device type, and the practitioner’s expertise. Understanding these factors helps you make a confident and informed decision about your investment in skin rejuvenation.
Geographic Differences and Clinic Reputation
Pricing can differ significantly based on where you’re treated.
- Major cities like London or Manchester often have higher prices due to advanced facilities and practitioner experience.
- Smaller towns or suburban clinics may offer more affordable rates, but it’s essential to verify credentials and technology standards.
Choosing a reputable clinic with experienced providers ensures better safety, precision, and long-term results which often outweigh the savings from lower-cost providers. Reading verified reviews and viewing before-and-after photos can also give you confidence in the clinic’s quality.
Comparing CO2 Laser Resurfacing vs. Other Laser Treatments
When comparing treatments, consider both short-term costs and long-term value.
- CO2 Laser Resurfacing: Costs around £600–£1,500 per full-face session, with 1–2 sessions typically needed. The average total cost ranges from £600–£3,000, and downtime lasts about 5–10 days. It provides deep resurfacing and long-lasting collagen renewal, making it ideal for wrinkles and scars.
- Erbium:YAG Laser: Priced between £400–£900 per session, with 2–3 sessions recommended. Expect a total cost of £800–£2,700 and 3–7 days of downtime. It offers precision ablation and smoother texture, effectively targeting fine lines with faster healing than CO2.
- Thulium 1927 nm Laser: Each session costs roughly £350–£750, with 3–5 sessions needed for best results. The total cost averages £1,000–£3,000, and downtime is minimal (1–3 days). It’s best suited for gentle rejuvenation and pigment correction.
- Fractional Non-Ablative Laser: Costs approximately £450–£950 per session, typically requiring 3–5 sessions. The average total investment is £1,350–£4,500, with 2–4 days of recovery. Ideal for gradual tone and texture improvement while maintaining minimal downtime.
Keep in mind these are averages, prices can vary based on device type, session length, and whether the clinic includes follow-up visits or skincare in the package.
Average Cost Range in the UK
Below is a general overview of CO2 laser resurfacing prices across major UK cities and the kinds of results you can expect:
- London: Average cost per session is £2,500–£3,500, delivering significant improvement in skin tone and texture after treatment.
- Manchester: Sessions cost around £1,500–£2,500, offering moderate improvement but may require multiple sessions for optimal results.
- Birmingham: Typically priced at £1,000–£1,800 per session, producing a noticeable reduction in wrinkles and scars.
- Leeds: Costs range between £800–£1,200 per session, leading to a smoother skin texture and enhanced elasticity.
Keep in mind these are averages, prices can vary based on device type, session length, and whether the clinic includes follow-up visits or skincare in the package.
Insurance, Financing, and Value Considerations
In most cases, CO2 laser resurfacing is considered a cosmetic procedure and isn’t covered by standard insurance. However, if it’s used to treat medical conditions such as significant scarring or skin lesions, partial coverage may be possible.
Many clinics offer financing options or payment plans to make treatments more accessible. This allows patients to spread the cost across several months while still benefiting from a professional, high-quality procedure.
When evaluating the cost, remember that CO2 laser resurfacing isn’t just about aesthetics, it’s an investment in long-term skin health and confidence.
Potential Side Effects and Risks of CO2 Laser Treatments
CO2 laser resurfacing may offer remarkable skin rejuvenation, but it is essential to be aware of possible side effects of CO2 laser and treatment risks. Understanding these aspects allows you to make informed decisions and prepare for any immediate reactions.
Common Temporary Effects
Most post-treatment reactions are mild and short-lived, similar to how the skin behaves after a sunburn. These are part of the body’s natural healing process and typically fade within several days to a week. You may notice:
- Redness or warmth in the treated area.
- Mild swelling that subsides within 24–48 hours.
- Itching or tightness as the skin starts to heal.
- Flaking or light peeling as new skin replaces the old.
These effects are manageable with proper aftercare. Applying cool compresses, keeping the skin moisturised with healing ointments, and avoiding picking or scrubbing help the skin recover quickly. Most patients find these sensations mild and well-tolerated.
Rare Complications and How to Minimise Them
Although uncommon, a few complications can occur, especially if aftercare instructions aren’t followed closely. Possible risks include:
- Infection from bacteria entering healing skin.
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (temporary darkening of the treated area).
- Prolonged redness that lasts several weeks in sensitive skin.
- Very rarely, scarring or hypopigmentation (lightening of skin).
To prevent these issues:
- Keep the treated area clean and protected with gentle cleansers.
- Avoid direct sunlight and use SPF 30+ once your skin has healed.
- Follow your practitioner’s instructions for cleansing and moisturization.
- Contact your clinic immediately if you notice unusual pain, discharge, or persistent redness.
Modern fractional CO2 systems and improved cooling technology have made serious side effects exceedingly rare when performed by skilled professionals.
How to Reduce Risk with Qualified Practitioners
The best way to minimise risk is by choosing a board-certified dermatologist or experienced laser specialist. Their training allows them to:
- Customise the laser intensity to your skin type and tone.
- Perform a patch test when needed to gauge skin response.
- Adjust treatment depth to minimise heat buildup and pigmentation changes.
At the Institute of Medical Physics, our certified practitioners follow strict medical protocols to ensure safe and precise treatments. Each procedure includes a tailored pre- and post-care plan designed to reduce irritation and support faster healing. With expert supervision and advanced technology, we focus on achieving visible results while protecting your skin’s long-term health.
Alternatives to CO2 Laser Resurfacing for Skin Renewal
For those with sensitive skin or specific concerns, there are several gentler alternatives to CO2 laser resurfacing. These treatments rejuvenate the skin in different ways and can be tailored to your comfort level, downtime, and goals.
Erbium Laser Resurfacing vs. CO2 Laser
Erbium lasers target the outer layers of skin more precisely, removing less tissue and requiring less downtime.While CO2 lasers work deeper and deliver dramatic improvement for wrinkles and scars, they are often preferred for treating deep wrinkles with CO2 laser technology, where collagen stimulation and tightening are key goals.
If your goal is subtle rejuvenation with minimal recovery, erbium resurfacing can be a safer choice. Those seeking deeper collagen remodeling and stronger tightening may benefit more from CO2.
- CO2 Laser: Penetrates deep into the epidermis and dermis, requiring about 7–14 days of downtime. Best suited for deep wrinkles, scars, and significant texture damage.
- Erbium Laser: Targets the superficial epidermal layer, with a shorter 3–5 day recovery period. Ideal for fine lines, uneven tone, and mild sun damage.
Microneedling, Chemical Peels, and Non-Laser Options
If you prefer a non-laser approach, microneedling and chemical peels can offer noticeable skin renewal with lower intensity.
- Microneedling uses fine needles to create microchannels that trigger collagen production. It’s excellent for mild scars and uneven texture.
- Chemical peels exfoliate the surface with controlled acids, improving dullness, pigmentation, and minor wrinkles.
Both treatments can be performed as standalone procedures or in combination with light-based therapies for enhanced results. They’re ideal for those who want rejuvenation with minimal recovery time.
Before choosing a treatment, it helps to see how these non-laser options compare in approach, benefits, and recovery.
- Microneedling: Works by creating tiny micro-injuries with fine needles to stimulate collagen and elastin production. Best for mild scars, uneven texture, and enlarged pores, with a recovery time of 1–3 days that may include mild redness or light flaking. Key benefits include improved texture, firmness, and tone, as well as enhanced serum absorption. It can be combined with light-based therapies or topical serums for added rejuvenation.
- Chemical Peels: Use controlled acids such as glycolic, lactic, or TCA to exfoliate damaged surface layers of the skin. Best suited for dullness, pigmentation, fine lines, and minor wrinkles, with 3–7 days of recovery depending on the peel strength. They help brighten the complexion, even skin tone, and reduce sun damage, and can be combined with microneedling (with caution) or LED therapy.
- Non-Laser Options (General): Encompass gentle treatments that rejuvenate without heat or light energy. Ideal for individuals seeking skin renewal without laser exposure or downtime, these options have minimal to no recovery time. They offer gradual, natural-looking results and can be paired with hydration facials, LED therapy, or mild peels for cumulative benefits.
When to Consider Non-Laser Alternatives (for Sensitive Skin Types)
If your skin is prone to irritation, pigmentation changes, or inflammatory conditions like rosacea or eczema, non-laser treatments may be safer. These options cause less thermal stress and minimise the risk of redness or post-inflammatory darkening.
A consultation with a qualified skincare professional can help you decide whether to start with a gentler approach or move to fractional laser treatments later. The goal is always the same healthy, radiant skin achieved safely and comfortably.
Before You Go
Before committing to any advanced skin rejuvenation procedure, take time to understand how laser resurfacing aligns with your individual needs. Every skin type and concern requires a slightly different approach, and treatments like CO2 laser or Thulium 1927nm laser should be carefully calibrated for your comfort, safety, and goals.
If you’re based in London and exploring Fraxel Dual or non-ablative laser treatment options, start with a personalised consultation. This ensures your treatment plan is adapted to your Fitzpatrick skin type, desired results, and recovery timeline, helping you make the most informed choice possible.
About Institute of Medical Physics
The Institute of Medical Physics is a leading aesthetic and laser clinic in London, known for its evidence-based approach to skin health and rejuvenation. Led by Dr. Emanuel Paleco, a biophysicist and laser specialist, the clinic combines advanced research, precise technology, and patient-centred care.
Our flagship Kings Cross clinic offers treatments such as CO2 laser resurfacing, Thulium 1927 nm fractional laser, and Erbium Glass 1550 nm resurfacing, each designed to deliver visible results with minimal downtime.
With a strong focus on safety, innovation, and comfort, every treatment plan is customised after thorough consultation and skin analysis. Book a consultation with our London clinic today to discover the most effective laser treatment plan tailored to your skin goals.
FAQ
What is CO2 laser resurfacing?
CO2 laser resurfacing is a cosmetic procedure that uses concentrated beams of light to remove damaged layers of skin, promoting collagen production and rejuvenating the skin. It can be both ablative and fractional, each with its unique approach and benefits.
What are the main benefits of CO2 laser resurfacing?
The benefits of CO2 laser resurfacing include reducing fine lines, wrinkles, and acne scars, improving overall skin tone and texture, enhancing elasticity, and promoting long-term skin health through increased collagen production.
Who is the ideal candidate for this treatment?
Ideal candidates are generally those in good health without active skin infections or conditions like keloids. Individuals with fair to medium skin tones tend to respond well, while those with darker skin tones may be at an increased risk of complications such as hyperpigmentation.
What can I expect during the CO2 laser resurfacing procedure?
You can expect several steps including a consultation, skin cleansing, application of anaesthesia, and the precise delivery of laser pulses, taking approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours depending on the treatment area.
How long is the recovery time after the procedure?
Recovery time typically ranges from 5 to 14 days, during which you may experience redness, peeling, and sensitivity. Proper adherence to aftercare instructions is crucial to facilitate healing.
When will I see results from CO2 laser resurfacing?
Results can usually be seen shortly after the procedure, with noticeable improvements continuing over several months as new collagen develops. Depending on your skin conditions, you may need 2 to 4 sessions for optimal results.
How much does CO2 laser resurfacing cost?
The cost can range significantly from £800 to £3,500 per session, depending on the treatment area and practitioner’s expertise. It’s important to consider the long-term value of the results as well.
What are the possible side effects of CO2 laser resurfacing?
Temporary side effects can include redness, swelling, itching, and a sunburn-like sensation. Rare complications may arise if post-treatment care is not followed properly, making it essential to choose an experienced board-certified dermatologist.
Are there alternatives to CO2 laser resurfacing?
Yes, alternatives include erbium laser resurfacing, microneedling, and chemical peels. Each option offers different approaches to skin renewal and may be more suitable depending on your specific skin conditions and treatment goals.

Complete Guide to CO2 Laser Resurfacing
CO2 laser resurfacing is a skin rejuvenation treatment that refreshes your skin without surgery. It works by using a focused beam of light to gently remove damaged surface cells and trigger your body’s natural healing process. As your skin repairs itself, new and healthier skin forms, leading to a smoother, firmer, and more even complexion over time.
Unlike regular facials or chemical peels that treat only the surface, CO2 laser resurfacing reaches deeper layers of the skin. This helps boost collagen production and improve elasticity, both of which are essential for maintaining a youthful and resilient look.
This guide explains how CO2 laser resurfacing works, who it’s suitable for, what to expect before and after treatment, potential risks, and what other options you can consider if this treatment isn’t the right fit for you.

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Key Takeaways
- CO2 laser resurfacing effectively rejuvenates the skin by removing damaged layers.
- The treatment boosts natural collagen production, leading to firmer and more resilient skin.
- Available as ablative or fractional, depending on your needs and tolerance for downtime.
- Ideal for treating wrinkles, acne scars, and uneven pigmentation caused by ageing or sun exposure.
- Recovery typically involves redness and peeling for one to two weeks, followed by visible rejuvenation.
- Safer, newer systems have made the procedure suitable for a wider range of skin types.
- Gentler alternatives, such as erbium laser or microneedling, can be considered for sensitive or darker skin.
What Is CO2 Laser Resurfacing and How Does It Work?
CO2 laser resurfacing is a modern cosmetic procedure that uses focused beams of light to target and remove damaged skin. The treatment gently vaporises thin layers of tissue, encouraging your body to replace them with smoother, healthier skin. It’s commonly chosen for visible signs of ageing such as fine lines, wrinkles, sun damage, uneven tone, and scarring.
The Science Behind Fractional CO2 Laser Technology
Modern fractional CO2 lasers represent a major step forward in resurfacing technology. Unlike traditional lasers that treat the entire skin surface, fractional lasers deliver energy in a grid-like pattern, creating thousands of microscopic treatment columns called microthermal zones (MTZs).
Each MTZ removes tiny sections of damaged skin and leaves the surrounding tissue untouched. This untouched skin helps speed up healing and reduces the risk of post-treatment complications. Here’s how it helps your skin repair itself:
- The laser creates controlled, microscopic injuries in the dermis.
- These tiny zones stimulate fibroblast cells to produce new collagen and elastin.
- As healing progresses, the new tissue blends seamlessly with surrounding skin, improving tone and texture.
Because the energy is divided into precise micro-columns, fractional CO2 treatments offer an ideal balance, the dramatic results of deep resurfacing with the safety and recovery profile of a lighter procedure.
Types of CO2 Laser Treatments (Ablative vs Fractional)
CO2 lasers are typically divided into two categories, ablative and fractional, and understanding how they differ helps you choose what’s right for your skin.
Ablative CO2 laser resurfacing removes the entire outer layer of skin (the epidermis).
- It’s best for deeper wrinkles, pronounced sun damage, and acne scars.
- The results are often dramatic, but recovery can take 10–14 days as new skin regenerates.
- Redness and peeling are normal, and post-care is crucial for healthy healing.
Fractional CO2 laser resurfacing treats only small, evenly spaced zones of skin.
- Tiny “micro-columns” of tissue are removed while surrounding areas remain intact.
- Because of this, healing occurs faster, typically within 5–7 days.
- The results are more gradual, but with multiple sessions, the outcome can match or even exceed that of traditional full-field resurfacing.
Clinics can now also combine both approaches for example, using ablative power in targeted zones (like deep wrinkles) and fractional settings on larger areas (like cheeks or forehead). This hybrid technique balances recovery time with visible improvement.
- Ablative CO2 Laser: Delivers treatment at a deep skin level, requiring around 10–14 days of downtime. Best suited for deep wrinkles, scars, and severe sun damage, with most patients needing it once every 12–18 months.
- Fractional CO2 Laser: Targets the medium layers of the skin, involving about 5–7 days of recovery. Ideal for addressing fine lines, uneven texture, and mild pigmentation, typically performed in 2–4 sessions spaced 4–6 weeks apart.
Understanding these options helps align your treatment with your goals, whether that’s an aggressive one-time correction or a series of lighter, buildable improvements.
How CO2 Laser Resurfacing Stimulates Skin Regeneration
The results from CO2 laser resurfacing come from how the body responds to controlled injury. When the laser energy penetrates the skin, it creates micro-wounds within the dermis.
These microscopic injuries don’t harm the entire surface but are deep enough to activate your skin’s self-repair cycle. As the skin heals, several key changes occur:
- Collagen fibers contract and tighten immediately after treatment, giving an early smoothing effect.
- New collagen and elastin start forming over the next several weeks, strengthening the skin’s structure.
- Fresh skin cells gradually replace damaged tissue, revealing a clearer and more even surface.
This entire process, from removal to regeneration, can take three to six months to complete, which is why results continue improving long after the initial recovery.
Many patients report that their skin feels tighter within days, while deeper textural refinement appears gradually. The overall effect is a rejuvenated, firmer complexion with fewer lines, smaller pores, and a more even tone.
Benefits of CO2 Laser Resurfacing for Skin Rejuvenation
CO2 laser resurfacing presents an array of benefits for skin rejuvenation, making it a sought-after procedure for individuals looking to enhance their skin's appearance.
This treatment is renowned for its ability to reduce wrinkles, fine lines, and scars while promoting collagen production. In the 2012 study of fractional CO2 resurfacing, 83% of patients reported moderate or better improvement, and improvements of 50–75% at 3 months (25–50% long-term) have been documented.
Reducing Wrinkles, Fine Lines, and Scars
The CO2 laser helps smooth away wrinkles and soften lines by gently removing old skin and stimulating new collagen growth. It’s especially effective around the eyes, mouth, and forehead, areas that tend to show early signs of ageing.
Acne scars also respond well to CO2 laser resurfacing. The laser energy breaks down uneven scar tissue and encourages healthy new skin to form in its place. Over time, the surface becomes smoother and more uniform, giving the skin a naturally refreshed look.
Improving Skin Tone, Texture, and Elasticity
Beyond wrinkle reduction, CO2 laser resurfacing can significantly enhance the skin’s texture, tone, and elasticity. The treatment gently removes dull surface layers while stimulating collagen production in the deeper dermis.
In a 2013 study (Lasers in Surgery and Medicine) of 25 women undergoing three fractional CO2 treatments, wrinkle depth on the cheeks was reduced by 58.3% and melanin distribution improved by about 21–24%.
This natural remodeling process explains how does CO2 laser tightens skin over time, the controlled heat contracts existing collagen fibers as new ones form, gradually restoring firmness and smoothness. Following recovery, the skin feels more resilient, looks brighter, and maintains a balanced, healthy tone.
Long-Term Skin Health and Collagen Renewal
The benefits of CO2 laser resurfacing don’t stop once the skin heals. Collagen production continues for months after treatment, helping the skin stay firm and resilient over time.
With good skincare and sun protection, these improvements can last for years. Regular maintenance treatments or milder follow-up lasers can also help preserve the results and keep your skin looking youthful for longer.
Visible Transformation: What Results to Expect After One Session
Most patients notice early improvements once redness and peeling subside, usually within a week or two. Skin appears smoother, brighter, and more even in tone.
The deeper benefits, like firmer texture and softened lines, develop gradually as collagen continues to rebuild. Full results often appear around three to six months after treatment, giving the skin a natural, healthy glow that lasts.
Who Is a Good Candidate for CO2 Laser Resurfacing?
Identifying ideal candidates for CO2 laser resurfacing involves considering various factors including skin types and existing skin conditions for laser treatment.
Understanding these elements can help ensure optimal results while minimising risks. Ideal candidates should be in overall good health and free from active skin infections.
Skin Types and Conditions That Respond Best
People with fair to medium skin tones (Fitzpatrick types I–III) tend to see the most predictable and consistent results. These skin types respond well to the CO2 laser’s wavelength, allowing for deep rejuvenation with a low risk of pigmentation changes. The treatment is particularly beneficial for:
- Wrinkles and fine lines around the eyes, mouth, and forehead.
- Acne scars and uneven texture.
- Sun damage and age spots.
- Loose or rough skin that has lost firmness with age.
Patients often notice that their skin feels tighter, smoother, and more even after healing, with continued improvement over the following months as collagen builds naturally.
When to Avoid CO2 Laser Treatments
While CO2 laser resurfacing is versatile, there are certain cases where it’s best avoided or delayed. The treatment may not be suitable if you:
- Have very dark skin tones (Fitzpatrick IV–VI), due to a higher risk of hyperpigmentation.
- Are pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Have an active skin infection, eczema, or severe acne.
- Have a history of keloid or hypertrophic scarring.
- Have recently used isotretinoin (Accutane) or undergone strong chemical peels.
Your provider will always assess your skin type, medical history, and lifestyle factors before recommending treatment. In some cases, a gentler fractional setting or an alternative laser, such as erbium or thulium, may be a safer option.
For example, when considering whether people with darker skin can get CO2 laser, modern fractional devices and adjusted energy levels often make treatment possible, provided it’s performed by an experienced practitioner who understands how to minimise post-inflammatory pigmentation risks.
What to Expect During a CO2 Laser Resurfacing Procedure
Knowing what to expect before, during, and after your CO2 laser session can make the experience far more comfortable and predictable. Preparation and communication with your practitioner are key, following their guidance helps ensure smooth healing and long-lasting results.
Pre-Treatment Preparation and Consultation
Your treatment journey begins with a detailed consultation. During this session, your practitioner will assess your skin type, review your medical history, and discuss the specific issues you’d like to address, whether wrinkles, scars, or pigmentation.
To prepare your skin safely and reduce the risk of irritation, most clinics recommend the following before your session:
- Avoid direct sun exposure for at least two weeks prior to treatment.
- Pause exfoliants and retinoids a few days before your appointment.
- Stop certain medications such as NSAIDs or blood thinners if advised by your doctor.
- Disclose any allergies or skin conditions to your practitioner.
Some patients may also be prescribed antiviral medication if they are prone to cold sores, as laser heat can sometimes trigger flare-ups. Proper pre-treatment care helps your skin respond better and heal faster.
Step-by-Step Breakdown of the Procedure
The actual CO2 laser resurfacing procedure can take anywhere from 30 minutes to two hours, depending on the size and depth of the area being treated.
Your practitioner will guide you through each stage so you know exactly what’s happening. Here’s what a typical session involves:
Step 1. Cleansing: The skin is thoroughly cleaned to remove oil, sunscreen, or impurities.
Step 2. Anaesthesia: A topical numbing cream, local anaesthesia, or, for larger areas, mild sedation is applied to ensure comfort.
Step 3. Laser Treatment: The CO2 laser is directed at the targeted area, delivering short bursts of energy that gently remove damaged tissue layer by layer.
Step 4. Cooling and Protection: After the laser passes, the skin is cooled and sometimes coated with a soothing ointment or occlusive dressing to protect the area.
Most patients describe the feeling as a mild stinging or warmth rather than pain, thanks to numbing measures and cooling systems built into modern laser devices.
Anaesthesia and Comfort Measures During the Procedure
Your practitioner will tailor anaesthesia based on your treatment plan and comfort level. If you’re wondering how much a CO2 laser hurts, the answer depends largely on the depth and area being treated.
- Topical numbing creams are sufficient for smaller or superficial areas.
- Local anaesthesia or mild sedation may be recommended for deeper or full-face treatments.
Some clinics also use built-in cooling technology or chilled air during the procedure to further reduce discomfort. The goal is to keep you as relaxed and comfortable as possible while achieving precise, effective results.
Post-Treatment Sensations and Recovery Stages
Immediately after your CO2 laser treatment, your skin may feel warm and tight, similar to a moderate sunburn.
Mild swelling and redness are completely normal and typically peak within the first 48 hours. During the healing process, you might notice:
- Redness and swelling that gradually fades over several days.
- Tightness or mild discomfort as new skin forms.
- Peeling or flaking between days 4–7, revealing smoother skin underneath.
Recovery varies by depth and intensity of treatment, but most people see early healing within a week and complete recovery in 10–14 days.
CO2 Laser Resurfacing Recovery Time and Aftercare Tips
After undergoing CO2 laser resurfacing, your skin will enter a recovery phase that typically lasts between 5 to 14 days.
During this time, you may experience redness, peeling, and sensitivity as your skin begins to heal. Adhering to proper aftercare is essential to optimise CO2 laser recovery and ensure satisfying results.
Managing Redness, Peeling, and Healing
Mild redness, peeling, and sensitivity are expected as your skin renews itself. To soothe discomfort and protect healing tissue:
- Apply cold compresses for 5–10 minutes at a time to reduce heat and swelling.
- Keep your skin moisturised using gentle, fragrance-free products such as petrolatum or ceramide-rich creams.
- Avoid scrubbing or picking at flaking skin, let it shed naturally.
Within one to two weeks, redness will fade into a healthy pink tone as new skin strengthens. Using a soft, clean cloth and lukewarm water for cleansing helps prevent irritation.
Skincare Products and Sun Protection After Treatment
Your post-laser skincare routine should focus on hydration and protection.
- Use non-irritating, barrier-repair moisturisers to lock in hydration.
- Cleanse gently, avoid acids, exfoliants, and active ingredients until cleared by your practitioner.
- Apply a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher every morning, even indoors.
Sun protection is non-negotiable after CO2 laser resurfacing. The skin is highly sensitive to UV rays during this phase, and unprotected exposure can lead to hyperpigmentation or delayed healing.
When Can You Resume Makeup and Outdoor Activities?
Most people can return to light makeup and daily activities after about 7–10 days, once the surface has healed and peeling has subsided. However:
- Wait until your practitioner confirms that the skin barrier is fully restored before using foundation or concealer.
- Avoid strenuous workouts, saunas, or direct sunlight for at least two weeks post-treatment.
If your work involves outdoor exposure, consider wearing a wide-brimmed hat and physical sunscreen for extra protection. Following these aftercare steps ensures smoother healing, minimal complications, and a beautiful, even-toned result.
CO2 Laser Resurfacing Results and Before-and-After Expectations
Understanding the expected CO2 laser results can help manage your expectations and highlight the effectiveness of this treatment. Many patients notice improvements in their skin almost immediately following the procedure.
Clinical outcomes show how well a CO2 laser works to improve uneven texture, fine lines, and pigmentation by stimulating deep collagen renewal. The visible results continue to develop over the following months as your skin produces new collagen.
Timeline for Visible Results
Visible improvements typically begin to manifest a few days post-treatment, with significant enhancement visible within two weeks. Continued healing transforms skin texture over time, so the best results often unfold over a period of three to six months.
The longevity of CO2 laser results can vary depending on factors such as skin type, age, and lifestyle habits, with many patients enjoying benefits for one to three years.
Before-and-after photos from prior patients often illustrate this gradual yet impressive change, emphasising the positive outcomes achievable through careful treatment. Your recovery and visible results will unfold in stages:
- Within 1–2 weeks: Redness fades, flaking subsides, and new skin appears brighter and smoother.
- By 1 month: Texture continues to refine, and the tone looks more balanced.
- At 3–6 months: Collagen remodeling reaches its peak, tightening and improving firmness.
On average, CO2 laser results can last one to three years, depending on your skin type, age, and lifestyle habits. Consistent sun protection, a balanced skincare routine, and maintenance treatments help extend these results.
Before-and-after photos often show that the most dramatic improvements develop gradually, proof that your skin keeps renewing long after the initial recovery phase.
How Many Sessions Are Typically Needed
The number of CO2 laser sessions required largely depends on the severity of your skin concerns. It is proved in acne-scar treatment studies, improvements of up to 68.7% have been noted with fractional CO2 laser after multiple sessions.
For optimal CO2 laser results, you may consider 2 to 4 sessions, particularly when addressing deeper scars, wrinkles, or extensive skin damage.
Engaging in a comprehensive treatment plan can lead to the significant improvements you seek, as illustrated in various before-and-after photos that showcase remarkable transformations.
Consulting with your practitioner will provide tailored advice on how many sessions will be most effective for your individual needs.
The number of sessions depends on your skin goals and the severity of your concerns.
- For fine lines or mild texture issues: One session may be enough.
- For deeper wrinkles, scars, or significant sun damage: A series of 2–4 sessions spaced a few months apart usually delivers optimal results.
Your practitioner will design a plan based on your individual needs, adjusting the laser intensity and intervals between sessions. This personalised approach ensures consistent, natural-looking improvement without overwhelming the skin.
CO2 Laser Resurfacing Cost and Factors That Affect Pricing
The cost of CO2 laser resurfacing varies depending on the treatment area, clinic location, device type, and the practitioner’s expertise. Understanding these factors helps you make a confident and informed decision about your investment in skin rejuvenation.
Geographic Differences and Clinic Reputation
Pricing can differ significantly based on where you’re treated.
- Major cities like London or Manchester often have higher prices due to advanced facilities and practitioner experience.
- Smaller towns or suburban clinics may offer more affordable rates, but it’s essential to verify credentials and technology standards.
Choosing a reputable clinic with experienced providers ensures better safety, precision, and long-term results which often outweigh the savings from lower-cost providers. Reading verified reviews and viewing before-and-after photos can also give you confidence in the clinic’s quality.
Comparing CO2 Laser Resurfacing vs. Other Laser Treatments
When comparing treatments, consider both short-term costs and long-term value.
- CO2 Laser Resurfacing: Costs around £600–£1,500 per full-face session, with 1–2 sessions typically needed. The average total cost ranges from £600–£3,000, and downtime lasts about 5–10 days. It provides deep resurfacing and long-lasting collagen renewal, making it ideal for wrinkles and scars.
- Erbium:YAG Laser: Priced between £400–£900 per session, with 2–3 sessions recommended. Expect a total cost of £800–£2,700 and 3–7 days of downtime. It offers precision ablation and smoother texture, effectively targeting fine lines with faster healing than CO2.
- Thulium 1927 nm Laser: Each session costs roughly £350–£750, with 3–5 sessions needed for best results. The total cost averages £1,000–£3,000, and downtime is minimal (1–3 days). It’s best suited for gentle rejuvenation and pigment correction.
- Fractional Non-Ablative Laser: Costs approximately £450–£950 per session, typically requiring 3–5 sessions. The average total investment is £1,350–£4,500, with 2–4 days of recovery. Ideal for gradual tone and texture improvement while maintaining minimal downtime.
Keep in mind these are averages, prices can vary based on device type, session length, and whether the clinic includes follow-up visits or skincare in the package.
Average Cost Range in the UK
Below is a general overview of CO2 laser resurfacing prices across major UK cities and the kinds of results you can expect:
- London: Average cost per session is £2,500–£3,500, delivering significant improvement in skin tone and texture after treatment.
- Manchester: Sessions cost around £1,500–£2,500, offering moderate improvement but may require multiple sessions for optimal results.
- Birmingham: Typically priced at £1,000–£1,800 per session, producing a noticeable reduction in wrinkles and scars.
- Leeds: Costs range between £800–£1,200 per session, leading to a smoother skin texture and enhanced elasticity.
Keep in mind these are averages, prices can vary based on device type, session length, and whether the clinic includes follow-up visits or skincare in the package.
Insurance, Financing, and Value Considerations
In most cases, CO2 laser resurfacing is considered a cosmetic procedure and isn’t covered by standard insurance. However, if it’s used to treat medical conditions such as significant scarring or skin lesions, partial coverage may be possible.
Many clinics offer financing options or payment plans to make treatments more accessible. This allows patients to spread the cost across several months while still benefiting from a professional, high-quality procedure.
When evaluating the cost, remember that CO2 laser resurfacing isn’t just about aesthetics, it’s an investment in long-term skin health and confidence.
Potential Side Effects and Risks of CO2 Laser Treatments
CO2 laser resurfacing may offer remarkable skin rejuvenation, but it is essential to be aware of possible side effects of CO2 laser and treatment risks. Understanding these aspects allows you to make informed decisions and prepare for any immediate reactions.
Common Temporary Effects
Most post-treatment reactions are mild and short-lived, similar to how the skin behaves after a sunburn. These are part of the body’s natural healing process and typically fade within several days to a week. You may notice:
- Redness or warmth in the treated area.
- Mild swelling that subsides within 24–48 hours.
- Itching or tightness as the skin starts to heal.
- Flaking or light peeling as new skin replaces the old.
These effects are manageable with proper aftercare. Applying cool compresses, keeping the skin moisturised with healing ointments, and avoiding picking or scrubbing help the skin recover quickly. Most patients find these sensations mild and well-tolerated.
Rare Complications and How to Minimise Them
Although uncommon, a few complications can occur, especially if aftercare instructions aren’t followed closely. Possible risks include:
- Infection from bacteria entering healing skin.
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (temporary darkening of the treated area).
- Prolonged redness that lasts several weeks in sensitive skin.
- Very rarely, scarring or hypopigmentation (lightening of skin).
To prevent these issues:
- Keep the treated area clean and protected with gentle cleansers.
- Avoid direct sunlight and use SPF 30+ once your skin has healed.
- Follow your practitioner’s instructions for cleansing and moisturization.
- Contact your clinic immediately if you notice unusual pain, discharge, or persistent redness.
Modern fractional CO2 systems and improved cooling technology have made serious side effects exceedingly rare when performed by skilled professionals.
How to Reduce Risk with Qualified Practitioners
The best way to minimise risk is by choosing a board-certified dermatologist or experienced laser specialist. Their training allows them to:
- Customise the laser intensity to your skin type and tone.
- Perform a patch test when needed to gauge skin response.
- Adjust treatment depth to minimise heat buildup and pigmentation changes.
At the Institute of Medical Physics, our certified practitioners follow strict medical protocols to ensure safe and precise treatments. Each procedure includes a tailored pre- and post-care plan designed to reduce irritation and support faster healing. With expert supervision and advanced technology, we focus on achieving visible results while protecting your skin’s long-term health.
Alternatives to CO2 Laser Resurfacing for Skin Renewal
For those with sensitive skin or specific concerns, there are several gentler alternatives to CO2 laser resurfacing. These treatments rejuvenate the skin in different ways and can be tailored to your comfort level, downtime, and goals.
Erbium Laser Resurfacing vs. CO2 Laser
Erbium lasers target the outer layers of skin more precisely, removing less tissue and requiring less downtime.While CO2 lasers work deeper and deliver dramatic improvement for wrinkles and scars, they are often preferred for treating deep wrinkles with CO2 laser technology, where collagen stimulation and tightening are key goals.
If your goal is subtle rejuvenation with minimal recovery, erbium resurfacing can be a safer choice. Those seeking deeper collagen remodeling and stronger tightening may benefit more from CO2.
- CO2 Laser: Penetrates deep into the epidermis and dermis, requiring about 7–14 days of downtime. Best suited for deep wrinkles, scars, and significant texture damage.
- Erbium Laser: Targets the superficial epidermal layer, with a shorter 3–5 day recovery period. Ideal for fine lines, uneven tone, and mild sun damage.
Microneedling, Chemical Peels, and Non-Laser Options
If you prefer a non-laser approach, microneedling and chemical peels can offer noticeable skin renewal with lower intensity.
- Microneedling uses fine needles to create microchannels that trigger collagen production. It’s excellent for mild scars and uneven texture.
- Chemical peels exfoliate the surface with controlled acids, improving dullness, pigmentation, and minor wrinkles.
Both treatments can be performed as standalone procedures or in combination with light-based therapies for enhanced results. They’re ideal for those who want rejuvenation with minimal recovery time.
Before choosing a treatment, it helps to see how these non-laser options compare in approach, benefits, and recovery.
- Microneedling: Works by creating tiny micro-injuries with fine needles to stimulate collagen and elastin production. Best for mild scars, uneven texture, and enlarged pores, with a recovery time of 1–3 days that may include mild redness or light flaking. Key benefits include improved texture, firmness, and tone, as well as enhanced serum absorption. It can be combined with light-based therapies or topical serums for added rejuvenation.
- Chemical Peels: Use controlled acids such as glycolic, lactic, or TCA to exfoliate damaged surface layers of the skin. Best suited for dullness, pigmentation, fine lines, and minor wrinkles, with 3–7 days of recovery depending on the peel strength. They help brighten the complexion, even skin tone, and reduce sun damage, and can be combined with microneedling (with caution) or LED therapy.
- Non-Laser Options (General): Encompass gentle treatments that rejuvenate without heat or light energy. Ideal for individuals seeking skin renewal without laser exposure or downtime, these options have minimal to no recovery time. They offer gradual, natural-looking results and can be paired with hydration facials, LED therapy, or mild peels for cumulative benefits.
When to Consider Non-Laser Alternatives (for Sensitive Skin Types)
If your skin is prone to irritation, pigmentation changes, or inflammatory conditions like rosacea or eczema, non-laser treatments may be safer. These options cause less thermal stress and minimise the risk of redness or post-inflammatory darkening.
A consultation with a qualified skincare professional can help you decide whether to start with a gentler approach or move to fractional laser treatments later. The goal is always the same healthy, radiant skin achieved safely and comfortably.
Before You Go
Before committing to any advanced skin rejuvenation procedure, take time to understand how laser resurfacing aligns with your individual needs. Every skin type and concern requires a slightly different approach, and treatments like CO2 laser or Thulium 1927nm laser should be carefully calibrated for your comfort, safety, and goals.
If you’re based in London and exploring Fraxel Dual or non-ablative laser treatment options, start with a personalised consultation. This ensures your treatment plan is adapted to your Fitzpatrick skin type, desired results, and recovery timeline, helping you make the most informed choice possible.
About Institute of Medical Physics
The Institute of Medical Physics is a leading aesthetic and laser clinic in London, known for its evidence-based approach to skin health and rejuvenation. Led by Dr. Emanuel Paleco, a biophysicist and laser specialist, the clinic combines advanced research, precise technology, and patient-centred care.
Our flagship Kings Cross clinic offers treatments such as CO2 laser resurfacing, Thulium 1927 nm fractional laser, and Erbium Glass 1550 nm resurfacing, each designed to deliver visible results with minimal downtime.
With a strong focus on safety, innovation, and comfort, every treatment plan is customised after thorough consultation and skin analysis. Book a consultation with our London clinic today to discover the most effective laser treatment plan tailored to your skin goals.
FAQ
What is CO2 laser resurfacing?
CO2 laser resurfacing is a cosmetic procedure that uses concentrated beams of light to remove damaged layers of skin, promoting collagen production and rejuvenating the skin. It can be both ablative and fractional, each with its unique approach and benefits.
What are the main benefits of CO2 laser resurfacing?
The benefits of CO2 laser resurfacing include reducing fine lines, wrinkles, and acne scars, improving overall skin tone and texture, enhancing elasticity, and promoting long-term skin health through increased collagen production.
Who is the ideal candidate for this treatment?
Ideal candidates are generally those in good health without active skin infections or conditions like keloids. Individuals with fair to medium skin tones tend to respond well, while those with darker skin tones may be at an increased risk of complications such as hyperpigmentation.
What can I expect during the CO2 laser resurfacing procedure?
You can expect several steps including a consultation, skin cleansing, application of anaesthesia, and the precise delivery of laser pulses, taking approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours depending on the treatment area.
How long is the recovery time after the procedure?
Recovery time typically ranges from 5 to 14 days, during which you may experience redness, peeling, and sensitivity. Proper adherence to aftercare instructions is crucial to facilitate healing.
When will I see results from CO2 laser resurfacing?
Results can usually be seen shortly after the procedure, with noticeable improvements continuing over several months as new collagen develops. Depending on your skin conditions, you may need 2 to 4 sessions for optimal results.
How much does CO2 laser resurfacing cost?
The cost can range significantly from £800 to £3,500 per session, depending on the treatment area and practitioner’s expertise. It’s important to consider the long-term value of the results as well.
What are the possible side effects of CO2 laser resurfacing?
Temporary side effects can include redness, swelling, itching, and a sunburn-like sensation. Rare complications may arise if post-treatment care is not followed properly, making it essential to choose an experienced board-certified dermatologist.
Are there alternatives to CO2 laser resurfacing?
Yes, alternatives include erbium laser resurfacing, microneedling, and chemical peels. Each option offers different approaches to skin renewal and may be more suitable depending on your specific skin conditions and treatment goals.


By -
Dr. Emanuel Paleco, PhD
November 15, 2025





